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Dogs with diabetes mellitus are unable to use
carbohydrates/sugars normally. In a healthy dog, certain cells in the pancreas
produce insulin to regulate sugar uptake into cells throughout the body. In some
forms of diabetes, the cells do not produce insulin, while in other forms insulin
is produced, but body tissues do not respond. Diabetes is found in Alaskan
malamutes.
While diabetes is hereditary in some cases, genetics is only
one of many causal factors. Severely affected dogs usually have apparent symptoms
by six months of age - pups drink and eat excessive amounts, but develop very slowly.
Increased urination and soft stools are seen.
In other dogs, diabetes mellitus does not develop until middle
age. Higher levels of glucose in the blood and urine cause increased eating, drinking,
and urination, with weight loss. This can lead to the development of cataracts, liver
disease, and pancreatitis. Many diabetic dogs also are more susceptible to bacterial
infections, particularly of the urinary tract. Untreated diabetic dogs will develop
ketoacidosis, a state of insulin deficiency aggravated by ensuing hyperglycemia,
dehydration, and acidosis-producing derangements in intermediary metabolism. Ketoacidosis
is indicated by depression, weakness, vomiting, and irregular breathing patterns.
To diagnose the condition, a veterinarian will look for elevated
levels of glucose in the blood and urine. Ketones also may be present in the urine.
A complete laboratory work-up also should be done to determine if any other condition
may be causing or contributing to, or occurring as a result of, the diabetes
mellitus. The standard treatment for diabetes mellitus is supplemental insulin,
with a goal of normalizing blood glucose levels and minimizing variation in those
levels. Diet changes and exercise usually are recommended. Emergency treatment for
dogs with ketoacidois includes intravenous fluids and fast-acting insulin. Once
the animal is stable, a regular regimen of longer-acting insulin, diet, and exercise
can begin.
Developed from the Canine Inherited Disorders Database. |
